عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللّٰہ، أَنَّ أَعْرَابِيًّا، جَاءَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلّى اللّٰہ عليه وسلّم ثَائِرَ الرَّأْسِ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللّٰہ أَخْبِرْنِي مَاذَا فَرَضَ اللّٰہ عَلَىَّ مِنَ الصَّلاَةِ فَقَالَ: الصَّلَوَاتِ الْخَمْسَ، إِلاَّ أَنْ تَطَّوَّعَ شَيْئًا. فَقَالَ: أَخْبِرْنِي مَا فَرَضَ اللّٰہ عَلَىَّ مِنَ الصِّيَامِ فَقَالَ: شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ، إِلاَّ أَنْ تَطَّوَّعَ شَيْئًا. فَقَالَ: أَخْبِرْنِي بِمَا فَرَضَ اللَّهُ عَلَىَّ مِنَ الزَّكَاةِ فَقَالَ: فَأَخْبَرَهُ رَسُولُ اللّٰہ صلّى اللّٰہ عليه وسلّم شَرَائِعَ الإِسْلاَمِ. قَالَ: وَالَّذِي أَكْرَمَكَ لاَ أَتَطَوَّعُ شَيْئًا، وَلاَ أَنْقُصُ مِمَّا فَرَضَ اللَّهُ عَلَىَّ شَيْئًا. فَقَالَ: رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلّى اللّٰہ عليه وسلّم: أَفْلَحَ إِنْ صَدَقَ، أَوْ دَخَلَ الْجَنَّةَ إِنْ صَدَقَ
Hazrat Talhah bin ‘Ubaidullah (ra) narrated that a Bedouin came to Allah’s Messenger (sa) with his hair dishevelled and said, “O Allah’s Messenger (sa), tell me what Allah has made obligatory upon me in respect of salat [prayer].” He replied, “The five daily prayers, unless you offer something extra voluntarily.”
He then said, “Tell me what Allah has made obligatory upon me in respect of fasting.” He replied, “The month of Ramadan, unless you keep some extra fasts voluntarily.”
He then said, “Tell me what Allah has made obligatory upon me in respect of zakat.” Thereupon, Allah’s Messenger (sa) informed him of the laws of Islam.
The man said, “By the One Who has honoured you [with the truth], I shall not do anything extra voluntarily, nor shall I fall short in the least of what Allah has made obligatory upon me.”
Allah’s Messenger (sa) said, “He shall prosper, if he is truthful,” or [he said], “He shall enter Paradise, if he is truthful.”
(Sahih al-Bukhari, Kitab as-sawm, Bab wujubi sawmi ramadan, Hadith 1891)